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In this paper, controversy on the role of dietary fat in the epidemic of coronary heart disease is reviewed. Majority view among those from not only public health disciplines but also from those cardiologists and investigators involved in public health considera¬tions of atherosclerosis research is that the coronary heart disease is a public health phenomenon of affluent cultures and mass hyperlipidemia is a prime requisite for mass atherosclerosis. Because of this, in most of the western countries, the official line since 1950 for management of the epidemic of coronary heart disease has been a dietary treatment. This diet-heart propaganda was further escalated by the recommendations from the American Heart Association. However, some researchers have different view on diet-heart hypothesis and this paper reviews some of the evidences that they consider the hypothesis is wrong. Methodological issues to be considered in ending the diet-heart question are also discussed.