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Brief communication The association between employee lifestyles and the rates of mental health-related absenteeism and turnover in Japanese companies
Atsuya Fujimoto1orcid , Hiroshi Kanegae2orcid , Kaori Kitaoka3orcid , Mizuki Ohashi3orcid , Kunio Okada4orcid , Koichi Node5orcid , Kenkichi Takase6orcid , Hiroshi Fukuda7,8orcid , Tomoyuki Miyazaki9orcid , Yuichiro Yano10,11orcid
Epidemiol Health 2024;e2024068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024068 [Accepted]
Published online: August 2, 2024
1Center for Promotion of Research and Industry-Academic Collaboration, Department of Core Project Promotion, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
2Office of Research and Analysis, Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
3Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
4Non-Profit Organization Kenkokeiei, Tokyo, Japan
5Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
6Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Tokyo, Korea
7Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
8Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
9Center for Promotion of Research and Industry-Academic Collaboration, Department of Core Project Promotion, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Korea
10Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
11Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, NC, United States
Corresponding author:  Yuichiro Yano,
Email: yano.yuichiro@jichi.ac.jp
Received: 27 April 2024   • Revised: 2 June 2024   • Accepted: 10 June 2024
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Abstract

We assessed the association of employee lifestyles (e.g., smoking, exercise, drinking, and sleep habits) with mental health-related absenteeism and turnover rates utilizing data from the annual Health and Productivity Management survey by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This analysis included data from 1,748 companies, encompassing 4,199,021 employees. The average proportions of mental health-related absenteeism and employee turnover rates were 1.1% (±1.0%) and 5.0% (±5.0%), respectively. In multivariable regression models that incorporated all lifestyle factors and confounders, a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of employees who slept well was associated with reductions in their turnover rate (mean -0.020%; 95% CI, -0.038% to -0.002%) and in mental health-related absenteeism (mean -0.005%; 95% CI, -0.009% -0.001%). A similar increase in the proportion of employees engaging in regular physical activity corresponded with a 0.005% decrease in the prevalence of mental health-related absenteeism (95% CI, -0.010% to -0.001%). A 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of employees who smoked was associated with a 0.013% reduction in mental health-related absenteeism (95% CI, -0.017% to -0.008%). Nonetheless, the current study's observational and cross-sectional design restricted the ability to establish causality between employee lifestyle factors and mental health issues.

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