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1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
3National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Korea
4Fire Science Research Center, Seoul Metropolitan Fire Service Academy, Seoul, Korea
5Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
6Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
© 2023, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (BK21 FOUR 5199990214126).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: Kim SS, Kim JH. Data curation: Kim SS, Kim JH, Yoon J, Kim SJ, Kim JY. Formal analysis: Kim JH. Funding acquisition: Kim SS, Kim JH. Writing – original draft: Kim JH. Writing – review & editing: Kim SS, Kim JH, Yoon J, Kim SJ, Kim JY, Bahk J.
Variables | Total | Experience of COVID-19-related overtime work | p-value1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 693 (100) | 514 (74.2) | ||
Sex | 0.123 | |||
Male | 572 (82.5) | 431 (75.3) | ||
Female | 121 (17.5) | 83 (68.6) | ||
Age (yr) | <0.001 | |||
21-30 | 147 (21.2) | 110 (74.8) | ||
31-35 | 245 (35.4) | 206 (84.1) | ||
36-40 | 171 (24.7) | 111 (64.9) | ||
41-60 | 130 (18.8) | 87 (66.9) | ||
Household size | 0.244 | |||
One person | 133 (19.2) | 106 (79.7) | ||
Two people | 155 (22.4) | 118 (76.1) | ||
Three people | 178 (25.7) | 130 (73.0) | ||
Four people or more | 227 (32.8) | 160 (70.5) | ||
Years of experience (yr) | <0.001 | |||
<5 | 266 (38.4) | 208 (78.2) | ||
5-9 | 219 (31.6) | 173 (79.0) | ||
10-14 | 111 (16.0) | 76 (68.5) | ||
≥15 | 97 (14.0) | 57 (58.8) | ||
Job rank | 0.002 | |||
Sobang-sa2 | 217 (31.3) | 174 (80.2) | ||
Sobang-gyo | 287 (41.4) | 219 (76.3) | ||
Sobang-jang | 140 (20.2) | 91 (65.0) | ||
Sobang-wi or higher | 49 (7.1) | 30 (61.2) |
COVID-19-related overtime work | Total | PB | WRB | CRB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Did not experience | 179 (25.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Experienced | 514 (74.2) | 2.495 (-2.332, 7.322) | 2.983 (-1.351, 7.316) | 3.128 (-0.079, 6.336) | |
Stratified by LCCOW | |||||
Did not experience | 179 (25.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Experienced and was compensated | 439 (63.4) | 1.085 (-3.703, 5.872) | 1.690 (-2.540, 5.920) | 1.518 (-1.962, 4.999) | |
Experienced and was not compensated | 75 (10.8) | 10.519 (3.455, 17.584)** | 10.339 (3.398, 17.280)** | 12.290 (6.900, 17.680)*** |
Values are presented as number (%) or β (95% confidence interval).
LCCOW, lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services; PB, personal burnout; WRB, work-related burnout; CRB, citizen-related burnout.
1 Adjusted for age, sex, household size, job rank, and years of experience.
** p<0.01,
*** p<0.001.
LCCOW | Total | PB | WRB | CRB |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compensated | 439 (85.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Not compensated | 75 (14.6) | 7.970 (1.064, 14.876)* | 7.276 (0.270, 14.283)* | 10.000 (3.435, 16.565)** |
Values are presented as number (%) or β (95% confidence interval).
LCCOW, lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services; PB, personal burnout; WRB, work-related burnout; CRB, citizen-related burnout.
1 Adjusted for age, sex, household size, job rank, years of experience, and COVID-19-related workload.
* p<0.05,
** p<0.01.
Variables | Total | Experience of COVID-19-related overtime work | p-value |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 693 (100) | 514 (74.2) | ||
Sex | 0.123 | |||
Male | 572 (82.5) | 431 (75.3) | ||
Female | 121 (17.5) | 83 (68.6) | ||
Age (yr) | <0.001 | |||
21-30 | 147 (21.2) | 110 (74.8) | ||
31-35 | 245 (35.4) | 206 (84.1) | ||
36-40 | 171 (24.7) | 111 (64.9) | ||
41-60 | 130 (18.8) | 87 (66.9) | ||
Household size | 0.244 | |||
One person | 133 (19.2) | 106 (79.7) | ||
Two people | 155 (22.4) | 118 (76.1) | ||
Three people | 178 (25.7) | 130 (73.0) | ||
Four people or more | 227 (32.8) | 160 (70.5) | ||
Years of experience (yr) | <0.001 | |||
<5 | 266 (38.4) | 208 (78.2) | ||
5-9 | 219 (31.6) | 173 (79.0) | ||
10-14 | 111 (16.0) | 76 (68.5) | ||
≥15 | 97 (14.0) | 57 (58.8) | ||
Job rank | 0.002 | |||
Sobang-sa |
217 (31.3) | 174 (80.2) | ||
Sobang-gyo | 287 (41.4) | 219 (76.3) | ||
Sobang-jang | 140 (20.2) | 91 (65.0) | ||
Sobang-wi or higher | 49 (7.1) | 30 (61.2) |
COVID-19-related overtime work | Total | PB | WRB | CRB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Did not experience | 179 (25.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Experienced | 514 (74.2) | 2.495 (-2.332, 7.322) | 2.983 (-1.351, 7.316) | 3.128 (-0.079, 6.336) | |
Stratified by LCCOW | |||||
Did not experience | 179 (25.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Experienced and was compensated | 439 (63.4) | 1.085 (-3.703, 5.872) | 1.690 (-2.540, 5.920) | 1.518 (-1.962, 4.999) | |
Experienced and was not compensated | 75 (10.8) | 10.519 (3.455, 17.584) |
10.339 (3.398, 17.280) |
12.290 (6.900, 17.680) |
LCCOW | Total | PB | WRB | CRB |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compensated | 439 (85.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Not compensated | 75 (14.6) | 7.970 (1.064, 14.876) |
7.276 (0.270, 14.283) |
10.000 (3.435, 16.565) |
Values are presented as number (%). COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services. p‐value of the chi‐square test comparing the prevalence of overtime work across different groups. Lowest.
Values are presented as number (%) or β (95% confidence interval). LCCOW, lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services; PB, personal burnout; WRB, work-related burnout; CRB, citizen-related burnout. Adjusted for age, sex, household size, job rank, and years of experience. p<0.01, p<0.001.
Values are presented as number (%) or β (95% confidence interval). LCCOW, lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services; PB, personal burnout; WRB, work-related burnout; CRB, citizen-related burnout. Adjusted for age, sex, household size, job rank, years of experience, and COVID-19-related workload. p<0.05, p<0.01.