Epidemiology and Health

Epidemiologic Investigation

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of suspected and confirmed mpox cases during the 2022-2023 epidemic in the Capital Region, Korea: Mingyeol Shim, Soo Hyeon Cho, Seung Eun Lee, Taeyoung Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024092. Published online November 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024092

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Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the general characteristics of laboratory-confirmed mpox patients in the Capital Region of Korea, as well as the risk factors for mpox infection, particularly focusing on the characteristics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive and PCR-negative cases.
METHODS
We investigated 160 adults, excluding 4 minors, from 164 suspected mpox patients reported in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Gangwon from June 21, 2022 to October 31, 2023. Data were collected via telephone and face-to-face interviews. A statistical analysis of the general characteristics of the infection was conducted using frequency analysis and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Of the 160 suspected cases of mpox, 59.3% (n=95) tested positive via mpox-PCR. Among the confirmed cases, 97.9% (n=93) were male. PCR-positive patients typically presented with genital and anal skin rashes or mucosal lesions, accompanied by pain. Additionally, 35.5% (n=33) of the male patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Most confirmed cases (94.7%, 90/95) were believed to have contracted mpox through sexual contact during the maximal incubation period of 21 days prior to symptom onset, with a significant number reporting same-sex or casual contact. The most commonly collected and highest-yielding specimens from PCR-positive patients were from skin or mucosal lesions, whereas blood samples demonstrated the lowest percent positivity.
CONCLUSIONS
In the Capital Region, most PCR-positive cases were male patients in their 30s who had sexual contacts and exhibited symptoms, aligning with findings from previous studies. These results provide a foundation for the differential diagnosis concerning mpox infection and the selection of PCR-test samples in clinical settings.; Summary

Korean summary
- 대한민국 수도권의 mpox 의심환자 160명 중 59.3%(n=95)가 mpox-PCR 검사에서 양성으로 확인되었다. - 확진 환자 중 97.9%(n=93)는 남성이었고 35.5%(n=33)는 HIV에 감염되었으며 엠폭스 감염의 위험요인으로는 일회성 파트너와의 성적 접촉, 항문생식기 병변, 병변 부위의 통증이 포함되었다. - 양성 환자의 검체 특성은 피부 및 점막 병변 샘플이 가장 높은 양성률을 보였고, 혈액 샘플은 가장 낮은 양성률을 보였다.

Key Message
- Of the 160 suspected mpox cases in the Capital Region of South Korea, 59.3% (n=95) were confirmed as PCR-positive. - Among the confirmed cases, 97.9% were male and 35.5% were infected with HIV, and risk factors of mpox infection included sexual contact with casual partner, anogenital lesion, and pain on lesions. - Skin and mucosal lesion samples had the highest positivity rate, while blood samples had the lowest.

Cohort Profile

Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: study design and baseline characteristics: Bo Youl Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Sang Hoon Han, Sang Il Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Min Ja Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Sung Soon Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Nam Su Ku, Jin-Soo Lee, Joo-Shil Lee, Yunsu Choi, Kyong Sil Park, Joon Young Song, Jun Hee Woo, Moon Won Kang, June Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018023. Published online June 6, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018023

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

The number of persons infected by HIV/AIDS has consistently increased in Korea since the first case of HIV/AIDS infection in 1985 and reached 15,208 by 2016. About 1,100 new patients with HIV/ AIDS infections have emerged every year since 2013. In Korea, the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study was established for the evidenced-based prevention, treatment, and effective management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in December 2006. This study monitored 1,438 patients, who accounted for about 10% of all patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea, for 10 years with the following aims: (1) to develop an administrative system for the establishment of a HIV/AIDS cohort-based study; (2) to standardize methodologies and the case report forms; and (3) to standardize multi-cohort data and develop a data cleaning method. This study aims to monitor at least 1,000 patients (excluding those for whom investigation had been completed) per year (estimated number of patients who can be monitored by January 2018: 939). By December 2016, the sex distribution was 93.3% for men, and 6.7% for women (gender ratio, 13.9:1.0), and 98.9% of all participants were Korean. More than 50.0% of the participants were confirmed as HIV positive after 2006. This study reports competitive, long-term research that aimed to develop policies for the prevention of chronic infectious diseases for patients with HIV. The data collected over the last decade will be used to develop indices for HIV treatment and health promotion.

Summary

Korean summary
세계적으로 HIV 감염인은 감소하고 있으나, 한국의 HIV 감염은 증가하여 2013년 이후 매년 1,000명이 넘는 신규 감염인이 보고되고 있다. HIV/AIDS 코호트 연구진은 2006년부터 HIV 감염인과 AIDS 환자를 대상으로 6개월 간격의 반복 조사를 시행하여 역학과 임상 자료를 수집하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 생물검체를 채취하여 인체자원은행에 보관하여, HIV/AIDS의 발생 기전을 구명하고, 자연사를 파악하며, 예방과 진단, 치료, 관리 방법을 개발하기 위한 기초와 임상, 역학 연구에 활용하고 있다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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